With autism now known to be a lifelong, unpreventable condition, many forms of therapy, such as speech and occupational therapy, have been developed that may help autistic people. As of 2023, consensus is growing among researchers of various empirical and theoretical positions that the established ASD criteria are ineffective to describe autism as a unitary biological entity, and that alternative research approaches should be encouraged. This perspective has led to significant controversy among those who are autistic and advocates, practitioners, and charities. From this point of view, autistic people often still have a disability, but need to be accommodated rather than cured. Psychiatry has traditionally classified autism as a mental disorder, but the autism rights movement and an increasing number of researchers see autism as part of neurodiversity, the natural diversity in human thinking and experience, with strengths, differences, and weaknesses. The combination of broader criteria, increased awareness, and potentially increasing actual prevalence, has led to a trend of steadily increasing estimates of autism prevalence, perpetuating the disproven myth that it is caused by vaccines. Disagreements persist about what should be included as part of the diagnosis, whether there are meaningful subtypes of autism, and the significance of autism-associated traits in the wider population. The syndrome frequently co-occurs with other conditions, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, epilepsy, and intellectual disability. There are many theories about what causes autism it is highly heritable and mainly genetic, but many genes are involved, and environmental factors may also be relevant. Because of this, there is wide variation in the support needs of people across the autism spectrum. For example, some are nonverbal, while others have proficient spoken language. Autism is clinically regarded as a spectrum disorder, meaning that it can manifest very differently in each person. Intellectual disability, anxiety, bipolar disorder, depression, Rett syndrome, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, schizoid personality disorder, selective mutism, schizophrenia, obsessive–compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, Einstein syndrome, PTSD, learning disorders (mainly speech disorders)Īpplied behavior analysis, cognitive behavioral therapy, occupational therapy, psychotropic medication, speech–language pathologyĪutism, formally called autism spectrum disorder ( ASD) or autism spectrum condition ( ASC), is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social communication and social interaction, and repetitive or restricted patterns of behaviors, interests, or activities, which can include hyper- and hyporeactivity to sensory input. For adults, the use of a patient's written and oral history of autistic traits becomes more important Multifactorial, with many uncertain factorsįamily history, certain genetic conditions, having older parents, certain prescribed drugs, perinatal and neonatal health issuesīased on combination of clinical observation of behavior and development and comprehensive diagnostic testing completed by a team of qualified professionals (including psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, neuropsychologists, pediatricians, and speech-language pathologists). Social isolation, educational and employment problems, anxiety, stress, bullying, depression, self-harm Psychiatry, clinical psychology, pediatrics, occupational medicineĭifficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and the presence of repetitive behavior or restricted interests Repetitively stacking or lining up objects is a common trait associated with autism. Formerly: Kanner syndrome/autistic disorder/childhood autism, Asperger syndrome (AS), childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD), pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS).Autism spectrum condition (ASC), autism.
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